Cannamix Legality

• Ancient culture of Vijaya in India 
• The NDPC Act and Vijaya Regulation 
• CBD Extraction from Vijaya leaves 
• Ayurveda Vs Vijaya leaves 
• Medical Supervision & Expert View
• Government Support on hemp leaf Extraction in India 
• End Note

 

Introduction

Hemp, a variety of the cannabis plant, has been cultivated in India for centuries, revered for its multifaceted uses in textiles, medicine, and spiritual practices. However, the legal landscape surrounding hemp and its derivatives, including hemp leaf extract, has been marked by ambiguity and controversy. Historically, the cultivation, possession, and use of cannabis were subject to stringent legal restrictions, driven primarily by international treaties and domestic legislation aimed at combating drug abuse and trafficking. Despite this regulatory framework, there has been a growing recognition of the potential benefits of hemp leaf extract, particularly its therapeutic properties. Studies have highlighted its potential in alleviating various health issues, including chronic pain, anxiety, and inflammation, without the psychoactive effects commonly associated with marijuana.

In recent years, India has witnessed a paradigm shift in its approach to cannabis, with policymakers, scientists, and entrepreneurs advocating for a more nuanced and evidence-based approach. The legalization of hemp cultivation for industrial purposes in certain states has paved the way for research and innovation in the field of hemp-derived products, including CBD oil and hemp leaf extract.

However, challenges persist, ranging from regulatory hurdles and quality control issues to misconceptions and societal stigma. As India navigates this complex landscape, it is essential to explore the legal, scientific, and socio-cultural dimensions of hemp leaf extract, shedding light on its potential benefits, risks, and implications for public health and well-being.

In this blog series, we will delve deeper into the intricacies of hemp leaf extract in India, examining its legal status, therapeutic potential, market dynamics, and the broader implications for society. By fostering informed dialogue and leveraging insights from legal, scientific, and industry perspectives, we aim to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of this versatile botanical extract and its place in India's evolving landscape.

 

Ancient Culture of Vijaya in India 

The ancient culture of Vijaya in India stands as a testament to the rich tapestry of history and civilization that flourished in the region. Vijaya, an ancient kingdom believed to have existed during the prehistoric and early historic periods, encompassed parts of present-day Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Maharashtra. Renowned for its advanced urban planning, intricate trade networks, and vibrant cultural traditions, Vijaya left an indelible mark on Indian history and heritage.

Archaeological excavations have unearthed artifacts, inscriptions, and architectural remains that offer glimpses into the social, economic, and religious life of the Vijayan civilization. The city's strategic location along major trade routes facilitated cultural exchanges with neighboring regions, contributing to its cosmopolitan character and eclectic artistic expressions.

The cultural legacy of Vijaya is particularly evident in its art and architecture, characterized by intricate sculptures, majestic temples, and ornate palaces. The Vijayan artisans demonstrated remarkable skill and craftsmanship, infusing their creations with symbolism, religious fervor, and aesthetic beauty.

Religious beliefs played a central role in Vijayan society, with temples serving as focal points of communal life and spiritual devotion. The worship of various deities, rituals, and festivals enriched the cultural landscape, fostering a sense of unity and belonging among the populace.

Despite the passage of time and the vicissitudes of history, the ancient culture of Vijaya continues to resonate in the collective consciousness of India, serving as a source of inspiration and reverence for subsequent generations. Through scholarly research, preservation efforts, and cultural initiatives, the legacy of Vijaya endures, offering invaluable insights into India's rich cultural heritage and the enduring spirit of its people.

The NDPC Act and Vijaya Regulation: The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, enacted in 1985, serves as the cornerstone of India's legal framework governing the production, sale, and possession of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The NDPS Act aims to combat drug abuse and illicit trafficking while also providing for the regulation and control of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for medical and scientific purposes.

Under the NDPS Act, cannabis and its derivatives are classified as narcotic drugs, subject to strict regulations and prohibitions. However, the Act provides certain exemptions and allowances for the cultivation, production, and use of cannabis for medical and scientific purposes, under stringent regulatory oversight.

In the context of cannabis regulation, the NDPS Act intersects with the regulation of Vijaya, the Sanskrit term for cannabis, which holds significant cultural, religious, and medicinal importance in India. While the cultivation and use of cannabis are prohibited for recreational purposes under the NDPS Act, there are provisions for the cultivation of cannabis for medicinal and research purposes, subject to stringent licensing and regulatory requirements. The regulation of Vijaya in India encompasses a complex interplay of legal, social, and cultural factors, reflecting the nation's historical relationship with the plant and its derivatives. While the NDPS Act imposes strict controls on the production and distribution of cannabis, there is growing recognition of its therapeutic potential, prompting calls for a more nuanced and evidence-based approach to its regulation.

In recent years, there have been significant developments in India's cannabis policy landscape, including debates around the legalization of medical cannabis and the decriminalization of personal use. These discussions have prompted policymakers, healthcare professionals, and civil society stakeholders to reconsider existing laws and regulations governing cannabis, with a view towards balancing public health concerns, scientific evidence, and societal attitudes.

As India continues to navigate the complex terrain of cannabis regulation, it is essential to consider the provisions of the NDPS Act alongside broader socio-cultural, economic, and public health considerations. By fostering dialogue, research, and evidence-based policymaking, India can chart a course that maximizes the potential benefits of cannabis while minimizing associated risks, ensuring that its regulation aligns with the nation's overarching goals of health, safety, and well-being.

The evolution of cannabis regulation in India, particularly under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act of 1985, has been influenced by a variety of factors, including cultural traditions, scientific research, and international conventions. While the NDPS Act imposes strict controls on the production, sale, and possession of cannabis and its derivatives, there have been recent developments indicating a shift in attitudes and policies towards the plant.

From 2014 to 2016, there has been a notable increase in public discourse surrounding the medicinal and therapeutic potential of cannabis, including its primary component, cannabidiol (CBD). Studies conducted during this period have highlighted the efficacy of CBD in treating various medical conditions, such as epilepsy, chronic pain, and anxiety disorders. This growing body of evidence has prompted calls for the reevaluation of cannabis regulations, particularly with regard to its medical use.

In response to these developments, there have been initiatives to explore the possibility of legalizing medical cannabis in India. Advocacy groups, healthcare professionals, and policymakers have engaged in discussions to assess the feasibility and implications of such a policy shift. Additionally, there have been efforts to streamline the licensing and regulatory processes for the cultivation, production, and distribution of cannabis for medicinal purposes, under the provisions of the NDPS Act.

While progress has been made in advancing the discourse on medical cannabis, challenges remain in reconciling competing interests and addressing regulatory gaps. Concerns related to substance abuse, diversion, and regulatory oversight continue to shape policy discussions surrounding cannabis regulation. Moreover, the stigma associated with cannabis use, perpetuated by decades of prohibitionist policies, presents obstacles to meaningful reform.

Against this backdrop, there is a need for evidence-based policymaking informed by scientific research, public health considerations, and international best practices. By leveraging recent data and insights, India can develop a comprehensive and balanced approach to cannabis regulation that prioritizes patient access, public safety, and regulatory compliance. As the dialogue around cannabis regulation continues to evolve, it is essential to remain cognizant of the broader socio-cultural, economic, and legal dynamics shaping the nation's approach to drug policy.

CBD Extraction from Vijaya Leaves: CBD extraction from Vijaya leaf holds significant promise for the health and well-being of Indian people, offering a natural and holistic approach to addressing a wide range of health issues. CBD, or cannabidiol, is a non-intoxicating compound found in cannabis plants, including hemp, a variety of cannabis cultivated for industrial purposes. Here's how CBD extraction from Vijaya leaf can provide health benefits for Indian people:

• Pain Management: CBD has been shown to possess analgesic properties, making it effective in alleviating pain associated with various conditions, including arthritis, neuropathy, and migraines. By targeting pain receptors in the body, CBD offers a natural alternative to conventional pain medications, with fewer side effects and lower risk of dependence.
• Anxiety and Stress Relief: CBD has demonstrated anxiolytic and stress-relieving effects, helping to reduce symptoms of anxiety disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). By modulating neurotransmitter activity in the brain, CBD promotes a sense of calm and relaxation, enhancing mental well-being and resilience to stress.
• Neuroprotective Properties: CBD exhibits neuroprotective properties, which may help protect against neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. By reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal damage, CBD supports brain health and cognitive function, potentially slowing the progression of age-related cognitive decline.
• Epilepsy Treatment: CBD has garnered attention for its anticonvulsant effects, particularly in the treatment of refractory epilepsy syndromes, such as Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Clinical trials have shown that CBD can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of seizures, offering hope for patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy.
• Anti-inflammatory Benefits: CBD possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties, making it effective in managing inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and asthma. By inhibiting inflammatory pathways and cytokine production, CBD helps alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life for individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions.
• Skin Health: CBD has emerged as a popular ingredient in skincare products, thanks to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and moisturizing properties. CBD-infused topicals can help soothe skin irritation, reduce acne, and promote overall skin health, making them suitable for individuals with sensitive or problematic skin.

                       As India explores the potential of CBD extraction from Vijaya leaf, it is essential to prioritize research, education, and regulatory oversight to ensure safe and responsible use. By leveraging the therapeutic properties of CBD, India can enhance healthcare options for its citizens, promoting holistic well-being and improving quality of life for millions of people across the country.

 

Ayurveda Vs Vijaya leaves

The comparison between Ayurveda and Vijaya leaf (cannabis leaf) involves contrasting two distinct but interconnected subjects: traditional Indian medicine and the therapeutic potential of cannabis. Here's a brief overview of both:

Ayurveda: Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine that originated in ancient India thousands of years ago. It is based on holistic principles aimed at promoting health and well-being by balancing the mind, body, and spirit. Ayurvedic practices include herbal remedies, dietary guidelines, yoga, meditation, and lifestyle modifications. Ayurvedic treatments are personalized according to an individual's unique constitution or dosha (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) and aim to address the root cause of illness rather than just treating symptoms.

Vijaya Leaf (Cannabis Leaf): The Vijaya leaf, also known as cannabis leaf, is a component of the cannabis plant that has been used for medicinal, spiritual, and recreational purposes for centuries. It contains various compounds, including cannabinoids like THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), terpenes, and flavonoids. While THC is psychoactive and responsible for the "high" associated with cannabis, CBD is non-intoxicating and has therapeutic properties. Research suggests that cannabis may have potential benefits for pain management, anxiety relief, epilepsy treatment, and more.

When comparing Ayurveda and the therapeutic potential of cannabis (Vijaya leaf), it's essential to consider their respective roles in healthcare:

• Ayurveda offers a holistic approach to health and healing, emphasizing preventive measures, lifestyle interventions, and natural remedies derived from plants, minerals, and animal products.
• Cannabis, including its constituents like CBD, has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic effects, particularly in managing chronic pain, anxiety disorders, epilepsy, and certain medical conditions.

While both Ayurveda and cannabis have roots in ancient Indian traditions, they represent distinct avenues for promoting health and well-being. Integrating evidence-based research and traditional wisdom, individuals can explore a diverse range of healthcare options that align with their individual needs and preferences.

 

Medical Supervision & Expert View

Medical supervision and expert views on hemp leaf extraction in India play a crucial role in ensuring the safety, efficacy, and ethical use of hemp-derived products, particularly those intended for medicinal or therapeutic purposes. Here are some key considerations:

1. Regulatory Compliance: Medical supervision ensures compliance with existing regulations governing the cultivation, extraction, and distribution of hemp-derived products in India. Health professionals can provide guidance on navigating the legal landscape, obtaining necessary licenses, and adhering to quality control standards to ensure product safety and regulatory compliance.
2. Patient Safety: Medical supervision is essential to safeguard patient safety and well-being when using hemp-derived products. Healthcare professionals can assess individual health conditions, medication interactions, and potential risks associated with hemp leaf extraction, providing personalized recommendations and monitoring for adverse effects.
3. Evidence-Based Practice: Expert views from healthcare professionals contribute to evidence-based decision-making regarding the therapeutic use of hemp-derived products. By staying abreast of current research, clinical trials, and scientific literature, medical experts can provide informed guidance on the potential benefits, risks, and limitations of hemp leaf extraction in various medical conditions.
4. Dosage and Administration: Medical supervision ensures appropriate dosage and administration of hemp-derived products based on individual health needs and treatment goals. Healthcare professionals can provide dosing recommendations, administration methods, and monitoring protocols to optimize therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects.
5. Education and Awareness: Healthcare professionals play a pivotal role in educating patients, caregivers, and the public about hemp leaf extraction, its potential benefits, and its limitations. By dispelling myths, addressing misconceptions, and promoting evidence-based information, medical experts can foster greater understanding and acceptance of hemp-derived products within the healthcare community and society at large.
6. Collaborative Care: Medical supervision facilitates interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers, researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. By working together, experts can advance research, develop clinical guidelines, and shape regulatory policies to ensure the responsible integration of hemp-derived products into mainstream healthcare practice.

Overall, medical supervision and expert views provide critical guidance and oversight in harnessing the therapeutic potential of hemp leaf extraction in India. By prioritizing patient safety, evidence-based practice, and collaborative care, healthcare professionals can maximize the benefits of hemp-derived products while upholding standards of quality, integrity, and ethical conduct in healthcare delivery.

As of the latest available data, there has been increasing interest and research into the potential benefits of incorporating Vijaya leaf (cannabis leaf) or its derivatives into Ayurvedic medicines. While specific data on the use of Vijaya leaf in Ayurvedic formulations may vary, there are indications of emerging trends and developments in this area.

1. Traditional Knowledge: Ayurveda, as an ancient system of medicine, has long recognized the therapeutic properties of certain herbs and plants, including cannabis. In traditional Ayurvedic texts, cannabis (known as "Vijaya" or "Bhang") is mentioned for its potential medicinal uses, including pain relief, inflammation reduction, and neurological disorders.

2. Scientific Research: Recent studies have explored the pharmacological properties of cannabis and its constituents, such as cannabinoids and terpenes, which align with Ayurvedic principles of health and healing. Research has indicated potential benefits of cannabis in managing conditions like chronic pain, anxiety, epilepsy, and inflammatory disorders, which are also areas of focus in Ayurvedic medicine.

3. Regulatory Consideration: The integration of cannabis or its derivatives into Ayurvedic medicines may be subject to regulatory scrutiny and compliance with existing laws governing the cultivation, extraction, and distribution of cannabis. Regulatory agencies may require evidence of safety, efficacy, and quality control measures to ensure that Ayurvedic formulations containing cannabis meet established standards and guidelines.

4. Clinical Trials: While anecdotal evidence and historical use support the inclusion of cannabis in Ayurvedic medicines, rigorous clinical trials are needed to validate its efficacy and safety. Clinical research studies evaluating the therapeutic effects of cannabis-based Ayurvedic formulations on specific health conditions can provide valuable insights into their potential benefits and limitations.

5. Public Perception and Education: Public perception and awareness of cannabis use in Ayurvedic medicines may influence acceptance and adoption. Education initiatives aimed at healthcare professionals, patients, and the general public can help dispel myths, address misconceptions, and promote evidence-based understanding of cannabis's role in Ayurvedic practice.

In conclusion, while specific recent data on the inclusion of Vijaya leaf in Ayurvedic medicines may be limited, there are indications of growing interest, research, and regulatory considerations in this area. As scientific evidence accumulates and regulatory frameworks evolve, the integration of cannabis into Ayurvedic practice has the potential to offer new therapeutic options and contribute to holistic approaches to health and healing in India.

 

Government Support on Hemp Leaf Extraction

The Government of India has taken several steps to support and regulate hemp leaf extraction and its derivatives, particularly in the context of industrial and medicinal applications. Here are some ways in which the government has shown support:

1. Legalization of Industrial Hemp Cultivation: In 1985, the government passed the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, which classified cannabis as a narcotic drug and imposed strict regulations on its cultivation, production, and distribution. However, in 1986, the government exempted the cultivation of low-THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) varieties of cannabis (hemp) for industrial purposes from the purview of the NDPS Act. This legalization has paved the way for the legal cultivation of hemp in certain states for industrial use, including the extraction of hemp fiber, seeds, and cannabinoids like CBD.

2. Research and Development Initiatives: The government has supported research and development initiatives aimed at exploring the potential uses of hemp and its derivatives. Various institutions and research organizations have been granted licenses to conduct studies on hemp cultivation techniques, extraction methods, product development, and therapeutic applications. These efforts contribute to scientific understanding, innovation, and economic growth in the hemp industry.

3. Regulatory Frameworks and Guidelines: The government has established regulatory frameworks and guidelines to govern the cultivation, processing, and marketing of hemp-derived products. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, along with other regulatory agencies, oversees licensing, quality control, and compliance with safety standards for hemp-based products intended for medicinal and industrial use. These regulations aim to ensure consumer safety, product quality, and adherence to legal requirements.

4. Promotion of Entrepreneurship and Investment: The government has encouraged entrepreneurship and investment in the hemp industry through various initiatives, including subsidies, incentives, and support programs for farmers, entrepreneurs, and businesses involved in hemp cultivation, processing, and manufacturing. These efforts stimulate economic growth, create employment opportunities, and promote sustainable development in rural and agricultural sectors.

5. International Collaboration and Advocacy: The government has engaged in international collaboration and advocacy to promote the benefits of hemp and advocate for progressive policies at global forums. India has participated in discussions on cannabis regulation, scientific research, and alternative uses of hemp at international platforms, contributing to broader conversations on drug policy reform, public health, and sustainable development.

Overall, the Government of India's support for hemp leaf extraction reflects its recognition of the economic, social, and environmental potential of hemp-derived products. By fostering research, innovation, and regulatory frameworks, the government aims to harness the benefits of hemp while ensuring public health, safety, and compliance with legal requirements.

As of the latest available data, the Government of India has continued to demonstrate support for hemp leaf extraction and its derivatives through various initiatives aimed at promoting research, industry development, and regulatory reform. Here are some recent updates on government support for hemp leaf extraction:

1. Policy Updates: The Indian government has taken steps to update policies and regulations governing the cultivation and extraction of hemp. In 2020, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare issued guidelines for the cultivation and processing of cannabis for medicinal and industrial purposes. These guidelines provide clarity on licensing requirements, quality standards, and compliance measures for hemp-based products.

2. Research Funding: The government has allocated funding for research projects focused on hemp cultivation, extraction techniques, and product development. Research institutions, universities, and private companies have received grants to conduct studies on the therapeutic potential of hemp-derived cannabinoids, including CBD, and their applications in healthcare.

3. Industry Partnerships: The government has facilitated partnerships between research institutions, industry stakeholders, and agricultural organizations to promote innovation and technology transfer in the hemp sector. Collaborative efforts aim to improve cultivation practices, develop new extraction methods, and create value-added products for domestic and international markets.

4. Export Promotion: The government has recognized the export potential of hemp-derived products and has taken steps to promote exports through trade agreements, market access initiatives, and export incentives. Indian hemp companies have explored international markets for CBD oils, hemp fibers, and other hemp-derived products, contributing to foreign exchange earnings and economic growth.

5. Awareness Campaigns: The government has launched awareness campaigns to educate stakeholders, including farmers, entrepreneurs, healthcare professionals, and consumers, about the benefits and opportunities associated with hemp cultivation and extraction. These campaigns aim to dispel myths, address misconceptions, and foster informed decision-making regarding hemp-based products.

6. Regulatory Reforms: The government has signaled openness to regulatory reforms that facilitate the responsible and sustainable development of the hemp industry. Stakeholder consultations, policy dialogues, and legislative amendments have been initiated to streamline licensing processes, improve market access, and ensure compliance with international standards.

Overall, the Government of India's recent efforts to support hemp leaf extraction reflect its commitment to promoting research, innovation, and economic development in this emerging sector. By fostering a conducive regulatory environment, investing in research and industry partnerships, and raising awareness about the benefits of hemp-derived products, the government aims to harness the full potential of hemp while safeguarding public health and environmental sustainability.

 

The Interest in Cannabis Use and Research in India and Worldwide

The World Health Organization through its expert committee on drug dependence met in late 2018 for a critical review of the evidence on Cannabis for medical applications. The current schedule of Cannabis in international law is as strict as for Heroin (Schedule 4, Narcotics Drugs Treaty of 1961). In an important move, the committee called for rescheduling Cannabis, easing control, and reversing a position held for 60 years disallowing even its legitimate use for medical applications. In December 2020, 27/53 members (including India, the US, and most of the EU) of the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs in a historic vote, removed Cannabis from Schedule 4 paving the way for its use in medicinal and therapeutic research. Currently, 50 countries worldwide allow the use of medicinal Cannabis. Its recreational use has been legalized in several countries, including Canada, Uruguay, and 15 states in the United States. 

In India, a non-governmental organization called the Great Legalization Movement filed a writ petition in the Delhi high court in May 2020 asking for decriminalization of Cannabis so that its medicinal properties could be harnessed. The Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM) has obtained a license from the Government of India for the development of products for epilepsy and cancer in collaboration with an Indian Cannabis manufacturer. A tripartite agreement has also been signed between the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) for the active clinical development of phytopharmaceuticals from Cannabis for several therapeutic areas such as chronic pain, pediatric epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disorders. This movement is in line with the interest in medical applications of Cannabis worldwide. In late September 2019, the revenue wing of the Union Finance Ministry sanctioned research and development on CBD and THC. Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and CSIR have announced a joint venture to collect Cannabis germ plasm for preservation and farming. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS), 1985, emphasizes research focus on Cannabis for horticultural and industrial use as a source of biomass, fiber, and Cannabis seed oil.

 

Legality & Reality

Recreational use of Cannabis (Ganja) and its resin (Charas or Hashish) was outlawed in India in 1985 by the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (“NDPS Act”). The NDPS Act itself was the result of India’s commitment under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 (“Single Convention”). Interestingly, neither the NDPS Act nor the Single Convention outlawed the medical use of cannabis. Nevertheless, medical use of cannabis is almost non-existent in India.
The ground reality is that most State Governments in India are reluctant to issue a license to cultivate and grow cannabis, even though the NDPS Act empowers them to do so. Therefore, almost all cannabis that manufacturers of cannabis-based medicines have access to grows in the wild. Because the cannabis plant grows in the wild with little to no human intervention, there is very little scope for quality control and standardization of the cannabis, which is essential to manufacture a cannabis-based medicine. This poses a big challenge for manufacturers and discourages them from manufacturing cannabis-based medicines at a meaningful scale.
The NDPS Act, however, does not apply to the leaves and seeds of cannabis plant when they are separated from the flowering or fruiting tops of the plant, which are its most intoxicating parts. This is why Bhang (cannabis plant leaf) is sold freely in most States in India, subject of course to Excise Control, since it is still an intoxicant.
As the leaves of cannabis plant are relatively easy to access, there is massive potential for its use in medicine. One of the key chemicals (or cannabinoids) present in cannabis, including in its leaves, is CBD or Cannabidiol. CBD possesses medicinal properties, but not narcotic properties. The World Health Organization (WHO) itself has recommended its exclusion from Single Convention because it “does not have psychoactive properties and has no potential for abuse and no potential to produce dependence”.
Most CBD Oils sold in India (including over internet) are in fact made out of full-spectrum extracts of the leaves of the cannabis plant, meaning they contain all the cannabinoids, including CBD, that are present in the leaves. Since the leaves of cannabis plant are not considered to be a narcotic drug, CBD Oil made out of extract of the leaves should also not be treated as narcotic drug. In other words, consumption of CBD Oil manufactured from leaves of the cannabis plant should not attract provisions of the NDPS Act.
In fact, CBD Oil manufactured under a license issued under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 may be legitimately used by individuals for medical purposes in India.
It is easy to confuse CBD oil with cannabis or hash oil, but the two are vastly different, both in terms of pharmacology and legal treatment: cannabis or hash oil, unlike CBD oil, is 100% narcotic and is subject to strict monitoring and control in India as per provisions of NDPS Act. Its consumption may also attract provisions of NDPS Act and may result in imprisonment.

Why are the use of cannabis leaves more prevalent in ayurvedic medicines than in pharmaceutical medicines?
The marketing of medicines in India is regulated by Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (DCA). At present, there is no pharmaceutical medicine containing cannabis or cannabis leaf (or cannabinoids) that is approved under DCA for sale in India. If any pharmaceutical manufacturer were to introduce a cannabis or cannabis leaf-based medicine in India, it would have to first undertake clinical trial of such medicine and establish its safety and efficacy. Undertaking clinical trials is an expensive and time-consuming process. To add to that, cannabis is hardly cultivated officially in India. So, it is difficult to procure standard quality cannabis or cannabis leaf that may be required in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals containing cannabis or cannabis leaf or their extracts.
However, Ayurveda as a branch of medicine explicitly recognizes use of cannabis and cannabis leaves in manufacture of ayurvedic medicines. This means that if a standard ayurvedic medicine is to be manufactured which contains cannabis or cannabis leaves, then no clinical trials have to be undertaken prior to its commercial launch. This makes ayurvedic system of medicines an obvious choice to manufacture and sell cannabis and cannabis-based medicines.

 

End-Note

In conclusion, the evolving landscape of hemp leaf extraction in India presents a dynamic intersection of scientific innovation, regulatory reform, and economic opportunity. As the government continues to support research, industry development, and regulatory updates, there is growing potential for hemp-derived products to contribute to healthcare, agriculture, and sustainable development initiatives.

By fostering collaboration, promoting education, and prioritizing evidence-based policymaking, India can harness the full potential of hemp leaf extraction while addressing challenges related to public health, safety, and regulatory compliance. As stakeholders across various sectors come together to navigate this complex terrain, it is essential to maintain a balance between innovation and responsibility, ensuring that the benefits of hemp are realized in a manner that promotes well-being, equity, and environmental stewardship.

As we move forward, let us remain committed to advancing knowledge, fostering dialogue, and embracing opportunities for growth and progress in the hemp industry. Together, we can shape a future where hemp-derived products contribute to a healthier, more sustainable, and prosperous India for generations to come.